where is shiveluch volcano located

KVERT reported that low levels of seismic activity were detected at Shiveluch during 13-20 January, and on 14 January ash plumes were observed. The eruption, lasting 3-4 minutes, was the volcano's first known explosive activity of 1991. Seismicity increased on 18 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. Satellite imagery showed a daily thermal anomaly on the lava dome when not obscured by clouds. On 4 December ashfall extended ~ 150 km. Between 28 May and 4 June, seismic activity at Shiveluch was above background levels with many shallow earthquakes recorded. KVERT reported that during 6-13 February lava-dome extrusion onto Sheveluch’s N flank was accompanied by incandescence, hot block avalanches, and fumarolic activity. The top part of a mushroom-like plume slowly extended to the E. Pyroclastic flows passed 5 km down the Baidarnaya River. A strong eruption in April 1993 has been followed by a plume visible during clear weather (18:4-8 & 10-12, and 19:1-4 & 6). The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. 2001). Strong explosions on 8 March generated ash plumes that rose to altitudes of 7-8 km (23,000-26,200 ft) a.s.l. Ground-based observers noted that ash plumes rose to an altitude of 6 km (19,700 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). During March-August 2015, the same type of activity prevailed, with lava dome extrusion, incandescence, hot block avalanches, fumarolic activity, and occasional strong explosions that generated ash plumes. The Level of Concern Color Code remained at Orange. on 27 September and to an altitude of 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. Based on seismic interpretation, ash plumes possibly rose to an altitude of 6 km (19,700 ft) a.s.l. Thermal anomalies based on MODIS satellite instruments analyzed using the MODVOLC algorithm were frequent beginning on 28 December 2018. Villarrica volcano is located in the volcanic chain of the Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) of the Chilean Andes. KVERT reported that during 19-26 August lava-dome extrusion onto Sheveluch’s N flank was accompanied by strong fumarolic activity, dome incandescence, ash explosions, and hot avalanches. KVERT reported that the explosive and effusive eruption of Shiveluch continued and maintained Alert Level Orange during the week of 5 September. on 17 and 20 February. During 26 September to 4 October, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. Satellite imagery showed a daily thermal anomaly on the lava dome. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 22-29 January. Visual observations revealed that ash plumes rose to an altitude of 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. During 14-21 March, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Red (the highest level on a four-color scale). The Level of Concern Color Code remained at Orange.Based on information from the KEMSD, the Tokyo VAAC reported that eruption plumes rose to altitudes of 4.9-5.5 km (16,000-18,000 ft) a.s.l. During 7-14 December more than 40 earthquakes with magnitudes greater than or equal to 1.7 occurred, and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. and drifted NE. During the next 30 days, explosions occurred frequently, producing ash-and-gas plumes that rose over 1 km above the dome and occasionally over 3 km above it. Shallow earthquakes up to M 1.75 were recorded, along with nearly continuous spasmodic tremor. Weak avalanches were reported at the start of November. Bull Volcanol, 57: 383-402. The lava dome at Shiveluch continued to grow during 11-18 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). On several days thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. Satellite images detected a daily thermal anomaly over the dome. A thermal anomaly on the lava dome was observed daily in satellite imagery, and ash plumes drifted 373 km SE and N during 18-20 March. Ground-based observers noted fumarolic activity during 26, 28, and 30-31 August, and an ash plume that rose to an altitude of 6 km (19,700 ft) a.s.l. The highest rising observed plume (8 km a.s.l.) Based on KVERT reports, ash plumes on 15 June and 5-6 July only rose as high as 3.3-5 km in altitude. There is data available for 4 emission periods. occurred during the reporting period. A collapse from the W flank of the lava dome produced a hot avalanche, and an ash plume that rose 5.5 km (18,000 ft) a.s.l. The temperature of the main flow was ~ 300°C at a depth of 15 cm. Later that day only steam-and-gas emissions with a small amount of ash were noted; the Aviation Color Code was reduced to Orange. Gas-and-steam plumes rose to an altitude of 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. The Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) reported an eruption of Shiveluch on 17 January at 1625 with a plume that rose to a height of ~ 4.5 km altitude. | May Analysis of satellite imagery revealed a large thermal anomaly on the lava dome during 30 January-2 February, and on 5 February. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT); RIA Novosti; Itar-Tass News. KVERT reported that a weak thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 11-14 March. Volcanic tremor increased in intensity on 29 July and remained high until 1 August. The signals were possibly indicative of avalanches and ash-and-gas explosions (one to three per day reached heights of 1-1.5 km above the dome). Ash plumes drifted 33 km NW on 11 April. Fedotov, S. A., 1985, Estimates of heat and pyroclast discharge by volcanic eruptions based upon the eruption cloud and steady plume observations: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 3, p. 275-302. Ash-and-gas plumes rose to a maximum height of 4 km above the dome. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Seismicity remained above background levels during the report interval and seismic data indicated that there had been hot avalanches and eight ash-and-gas explosions in which clouds reached 1-2 km above the lava dome (the previous week there were 19 ash-and-gas explosions to 2-3 km above the lava dome). There was a continuous swarm with 90 distinct earthquakes registered over constant weak background seismicity on 7 April. Prior to the large explosion of 28 October, behavior was characterized by the growing lava dome generating strong or weak gas-steam emissions, and explosions of different intensity that sometimes produced hot avalanches. Gas-and-steam plumes rose to altitudes of 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. Images the next day showed that the ash had dissipated. KVERT reported that during 18-25 April lava-dome extrusion onto Shiveluch’s SE flank was accompanied by ash explosions, incandescence, hot avalanches, and fumarolic activity. KVERT reports noted that seismic activity at Shiveluch continued above background levels during 20-27 July. [Following notice in early December that seismic stations at Shiveluch and Tolbachik had closed, on 22 December the following message was sent from the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO): "KVERT [Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team] has informed AVO that, because of a long delay in promised funding from the Ministry of Transportation in Moscow, KVERT must suspend transmittal of information on volcanic activity in Kamchatka. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Observations of satellite imagery revealed that a thermal anomaly was present in the crater daily. KVERT reported that during 26 June-3 July lava-dome extrusion onto Sheveluch’s N flank was accompanied by fumarolic activity. The lava dome at Shiveluch continued to grow during 18-25 March. On the morning of 27 December a possible gas-and-ash plume was registered. KVERT reported that during 27 March-3 April lava-dome extrusion onto Sheveluch’s N flank was accompanied by incandescence, hot block avalanches, and fumarolic activity. Ash emitted from a large fissure on the S flank of the lava dome produced plumes that rose to an altitude of 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. 490-505. van Manen, S.M., Blake, S., and Dehn, J., 2012, Satellite thermal infrared data of Shiveluch, Kliuchevskoi, and Karymsky, 1993-2008: effusion, explosions and the potential to forecast ash plumes, Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 74, pp. v. 38, no. Satellite imagery showed a persistent thermal anomaly at the lava dome throughout May. In late August and early September a gas-and-steam plume was observed up to ~3 km above the extrusive dome. The last major eruption came in 1964 when a blast from Shiveluch was so powerful it created a new crater. During 13-14 and 15-16 January, gas-and-steam plumes rose 1-1.5 km above the lava dome. | November Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery, but ash was not. Thermal anomalies in the active dome area and ash clouds were visible on satellite imagery. Satellite imagery showed a daily thermal anomaly over the lava dome. The large thermal anomaly over the dome remained. Melekestsev, I.V., Volynets, O.N., Ermakov, V.A., Kirsanova, T.P., and Masurenkov, Yu.P., 1991, Shiveluch volcano. During 23-30 August, volcanic and seismic activity at Shiveluch were at similar levels to the previous week. 800 m above the crater. during 28-30 October, and 1 and 3-4 November. KVERT reported that seismic activity at Shiveluch was above background levels on 12 and 14 May and at background levels the other days during 9-16 May; gas-and-ash explosions may have occurred on 14 May. An eruption was reported to 8.2 km (27,000 ft) a.s.l. Most of the following data comes from Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reports. KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 8-15 May. on 2 August. Strong explosions on 28 February and 3 March generated ash plumes that rose to an altitude of 9 km (29,500 ft) a.s.l. Gas-and-steam plumes were visible rising to 1 km above the lava dome. KVERT reported that during 21-28 May seismic activity from Shiveluch was above background levels, suggesting that possible ash plumes rose to an altitude of 4.7 km (15,400 ft) a.s.l. KVERT reported that during 18-25 June seismic activity from Shiveluch was above background levels and suggested that possible ash plumes rose to an altitude of 5.1 km (16,700 ft) a.s.l. Shiveluch | Suelich | Schuvelutsch | Schiwelutsch, WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. Seismicity was at background levels through most of June. Based on interpretations of seismic data, ash plumes likely rose to altitudes of 4.5-7.5 km (14,800-24,600 ft) a.s.l. | June During 13-14 November, the Tokyo VAAC reported that ash plumes from eruptions were observed in satellite imagery drifting E at altitudes of 4.6-5.2 km (15,000-17,000 ft) a.s.l. The eruptions are usually explosive. Satellite images detected a daily and intense thermal anomaly over the dome. During 15-22 October, seismicity at Shiveluch was above background levels, with shallow earthquakes occurring beneath the active lava dome. During the 1990s, intermittent explosive eruptions took place at Shiveluch in 1990, 1991, 1992-94, 1997, and 1998, and lava-dome growth occurred in 1993-94 and 1997. The Aviation Color Code level remained at Orange. Another satellite image on 13 April, taken at 0750, indicated a possible thermal anomaly at the volcano. The active lava dome complex is seen as a bright (hot) area on the summit of the volcano. During late November and early December, gas-and-steam plumes extended >10 km to the E and W. On 19 December, short-lived explosions at 1238 and 1514 sent gas-ash plumes to ~5.5 km and 5.0 km altitude, respectively. and drifted NE, SE, and S. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. Video camera images showed steam-and-gas emissions. Shiveluch is also the northernmost active volcano located in Kamchatka Krai peninsula, eastern Russia. On 1 and 2 June two 11- and 100-minute-long episodes of strong high-frequency volcanic tremor were registered. Ash plumes drifted about 60 km SW on 29 January. The number of earthquakes remained high, however, and their magnitudes increased during the period 12-15 April, with a maximum of 124 earthquakes 14 April. This created the impression that the river water was boiling; on its surface rose a wall of steam (figure 34). | September A series of shallow seismic events continued to be recorded during 14-15 April. KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 1-8 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. During 5-12 July, seismicity generally continued to decline at Shiveluch, but remained above background levels. KVERT reported that moderate seismic activity from Shiveluch was detected during 17-24 December. Explosions at 1510 on 9 November generated ash plumes that rose to 7 km (23,000 ft) a.s.l. At this time a 45-km-long ash cloud was visible on satellite imagery trending NW of the volcano. KVERT reported that seismic activity at Shiveluch was slightly above background levels during 7-14 March. Satellite imagery showed a large daily thermal anomaly over the lava dome and gas-and-steam plumes containing small amounts of ash that drifted 150 km E and SE during 31 October and 1-2 November. Several small eruptions produced gas-and-steam plumes that rose up to 1.5 km. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Sinarka (Kuril Islands) This volcano is no longer a threat, but in 1872 it spewed a whole load of ash … Small gas-and-steam plumes rose to 1.3 km above the dome. Most volcanoes are located in the Great Rift Valley, but there are more. During this interval, seismic data indicated that there had been hot avalanches and eight ash-and-gas explosions in which clouds reached 2 km above the lava dome. during 8-10 and 13 June. KVERT reported that during 20-27 November seismic activity from Shiveluch was above background levels, possibly indicating that ash plumes rose to an altitude of 4.3 km (14,100 ft) a.s.l. Clouds obscured the volcano all week. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. KVERT reported that seismic activity at Shiveluch was slightly above background levels during 14-21 March. On 1 May ash plumes observed in satellite imagery drifted 124 km NE. Weak fumarolic activity generated steam-and-gas plumes 300-400 m above the extrusive dome. Fumarolic activity was occasionally observed. KVERT reported that during 31 July-7 August seismic activity from Shiveluch was above background levels. Based on information from KVERT, the Tokyo VAAC reported that on 21 March an ash plume rose to an altitude of 2.7 km (9,000 ft) a.s.l. On 27 August video images showed an ash plume rising 3.5-4 km (11,500-13,100 ft) a.sl. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. Only one hotspot was recorded in July 2017. The level of continuous spasmodic volcanic tremor increased on 28 July and again on 30 July. during 26-27 May. Moderate gas-and-steam activity was visually observed during 17-20 January, and on 18 January an ash plume was observed rising to an altitude of 6.5 km (21,300 ft) a.s.l. Seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch during 18-25 June. KVERT reported that during 8-15 April lava-dome extrusion onto Sheveluch’s N flank was accompanied by strong fumarolic activity, dome incandescence, ash explosions, and hot avalanches. A pyroclastic flow occurred on 25 June. Growth of the dome continued during May 2005 with a new extrusion to the W. Ash-and-gas plumes, some rising 2 km above the dome, were frequent. Lava-dome extrusion was accompanied by hot avalanches, incandescence, and fumarolic activity. KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch’s lava dome was identified daily in satellite images during 9-16 August. on other days. The coldest, and therefore darkest, part of the image is Shiveluch’s summit. | May and drifted SE. 2009: January KVERT reported that activity at Shiveluch increased on 10 March and during 10-14 March daily explosions produced ash plumes that rose to altitudes of 3-5 km (10,000-16,400 ft) a.s.l. At 1343, gas-ash explosions rose from Shiveluch to altitudes of 8,000 m and moved to the SE. Satellite images detected a thermal anomaly over the dome on 16 and 19 May. | May On 7 July an 11-minute-long seismic event occurred, and ash-and-gas plumes may have reached a height of 10 km altitude. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT); RIA Novosti. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. At 0900 on the 28th, ash deposits were noted in the town of Klyuchi, ~ 46 km from the volcano. KVERT reported that during 13-20 February lava-dome extrusion onto Sheveluch’s N flank was accompanied by incandescence, hot block avalanches, and fumarolic activity. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. Through the remainder of the period, many earthquakes up to M 2.7 occurred, frequent gas-and-steam plumes rose as high as 5 km above the dome, and thermal anomalies of 6-8 pixels were observed as were gas/steam plumes that extended 80-120 km. On 4 March 2013, a single explosion ejected an ash plume up to 7 km. From the January to May 2008, dome growth at Shiveluch has consistently been accompanied by shallow, low-amplitude earthquakes, satellite thermal anomalies, and tremor. Based on seismic interpretation, ash plumes rose to an altitude of 3.9 km (12,800 ft) a.s.l. KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 20-27 March. Explosions recorded by a webcam on 24 December generated ash plumes that rose 6.5-7 km (21,300-23,000 ft) a.s.l. Satellite images showed a daily thermal anomaly over the dome and ash plumes drifting 375 km SE and S on 26 November and 1 December. According to video camera data, ash plumes rose to an altitude of 4.2 km (13,800 ft) a.s.l. Recently, the Kamchatka Peninsula is experiencing an upstick is volcanic activity with the Karymski and Shiveluch volcanoes exploding regularly. The strongest seismic signal of the eruption occurred on 22 September at 2259. Anomalies ranged from 1 to 10 pixels in size with maximum temperatures from a few degrees C to 49°C on numerous occasions. Analyses of satellite imagery revealed a large daily thermal anomaly over the lava dome. There were also episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor. on 16 August. Observers noted gas-and-steam activity during 15-17 August; weather conditions prevented observations of the volcano on the other days. On 19 December around 0045 a pyroclastic flow traveled ~3 km down Shiveluch's SE slope. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. Seismic data suggested that ash plumes rose to an altitude of 10 km (32,800 ft) a.s.l. The volcano is monitored by the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT). Prior to that eruption, the most recent explosive activity was in April 1991 (16:3). Ash plumes were detected in satellite imagery during 7-9 November drifting 150 km SE. Based on visual observations and analyses of satellite data, KVERT reported that during 4-11 January a viscous lava flow continued to effuse on the NW flank of Shiveluch's lava dome, accompanied by hot avalanches, incandescence, and fumarolic activity. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. Four or five plumes were seen each month March-June and 6 in July. Activity at Shiveluch continued above background levels during 12-19 January, with over 160 shallow earthquakes occurring daily. Ashfall and pyroclastic flows near the summit could be seen in satellite imagery on 31 January 2014 (figure 37). KVERT reported that during 1-8 July lava-dome extrusion onto Sheveluch’s N flank was accompanied by strong fumarolic activity, dome incandescence, ash explosions, and hot avalanches. The highest rising observed gas-and-steam plume reached a height of 2.5 km above the volcano on the 13th. Normal fumarolic activity was seen during 30 October-2 November and 6-7 November. on 16 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. Tremor and number of shallow earthquakes increase; 40-km-long plume. during 29-31 July. Satellite imagery showed a thermal anomaly on the lava dome during 17-18 and 20-22 November; cloud cover obscured views on the other days. A thermal anomaly on the volcano was also observed in satellite imagery on 15 and 18 September. KVERT reported that moderate seismic activity was detected at Shiveluch during 9-16 December. During 14-15 and 17-20 September, avalanches occurred and ash plumes rose to altitudes of 3.5-5.5 km (11,500-18,000 ft) a.s.l. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. on 15 June. A large thermal anomaly was seen in satellite data the entire week. Ash plumes extended up to 50 km (31 miles) to the south 11 and 13-14 June. on 6, 7, and 9 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. KVERT reported that during 4-11 December lava-dome extrusion onto Sheveluch’s N flank was accompanied by fumarolic activity, dome incandescence, ash explosions, and hot avalanches. During 1-8 March, volcanic activity remained relatively high at Shiveluch. | August International flights were rerouted on 28-31 August 2011. Satellite imagery followed the plume as it drifted across the North Pacific visible for at least 1,500 km SE. A few hours later, satellite images showed a thermal anomaly but no ash emissions, and the ACC was lowered back to Orange. During 25 October to 1 November, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. A satellite image on 2 February revealed a 40-pixel thermal anomaly; however, only 5-7 of the pixels had temperatures above 40°C, indicating that only those pixels were influenced by hot material on the ground. Satellite imagery showed a persistent thermal anomaly at the lava dome. and drifted 180 km NW. and drifted 1,500 km ESE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. Analyses of satellite imagery revealed a large daily thermal anomaly from the lava dome. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. During this period, shallow volcanic earthquakes registered at rates of 1-5 events/day. Around this time, authorities temporarily raised the level of concern from orange to red. In addition, avalanches of hot material may have occurred during the week. | July Stratovolcano 3283 m (10,771 ft) Kamchatka, 56.65°N / 161.36°E. On 25 September continuous spasmodic volcanic tremor was recorded for 27 minutes. Similarly, satellite imagery (principally AVHRR) reported significant thermal anomalies on an almost daily basis with an extent of several (1-6) pixels, reaching maximum, band-3 temperatures of 20-49°C and frequently associated with steam or aerosol plumes, some extending over 100 km from the volcano. The Level of Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. The Aviation Color Code level remained at Orange. The Level of Concern Color Code remained at Orange.Based on information from the KEMSD, the Tokyo VAAC reported that an eruption plume rose to an altitude of 5.2 km (17,000 ft) a.s.l. In mid-January the earthquake rate decreased but the energy of individual events increased (maximum magnitude, 2.7). According to a news article ash caused a few flight cancellations in W Alaska on 28 February. An ash plume rose to an altitude of 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. A bright thermal anomaly was detected daily in satellite images. Based on interpretations of seismic data, ash plumes possibly rose to an altitude of 6.5 km (21,300 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 200 km E; ashfall was reported in Ust-Kamchatsk Village, 85 km SE. All three of these larger plumes disappeared within one hour. Tectonic earthquakes on 21 September (67) and 23 September (17) were centered less than 2 km below the volcano. Gas-and-steam activity was observed visually during 3, 6, and 8-9 December. Observations of satellite imagery revealed a daily thermal anomaly in the crater, and an ash-and-steam plume that drifted 17 km SW on 28 May. The day after the earlier event, there was clear visibility on 27 April (figure 20). Trailing to the west is a 25 km ash plume, seen as a cold "cloud" streaming from the summit. During 4-11 April, the flow moved to the SE flank of the new dome. Webcam captured an explosion. Gas explosions rose 1-1.5 km and drifted 15-50 km W-SW. During 22-26 July, gas explosions (on 23 July these included minor ash) sent plumes 700-1,500 m above the crater and moved 20-60 km N and NE. During the reporting period, thermal anomalies, based on MODIS satellite instruments analyzed using the MODVOLC algorithm, recorded hotspots from 2-13 days per month; after June, the number of days with hotspots gradually diminished every month. On 7 July an 11-minute-long seismic event occurred and ash-and-gas plumes may have reached a height of 10 km (32,800 ft) a.s.l. The Level of Concern Code was raised to red on 22 April by IVGG geologists, who reported strong explosions at 1205 and 1230. | June on 6 August. on 1 and 2 January. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery during several days, but ash was not. The Level of Concern Color Code remained at Orange. Information Contacts: V. Kirianov, IVGG; AVO. Activity increased in the second half of December 2018, remaining high through at least April 2019. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). | February | November KVERT reported that much like the previous week, the character of the volcanic activity did not change during 15-22 December. Analyses of satellite imagery revealed a large daily thermal anomaly over the lava dome. These inferred plume heights were determined by comparing the amplitude of the seismic wave caused by the eruption to the heights of ash clouds observed in the past associated with earthquakes with similar amplitudes. A collapse from the W flank of the lava dome on 3 January produced a hot avalanche, and an ash plume that rose 5.5 km (18,000 ft) a.s.l. Satellite imagery from 1205 on 28 February showed ash deposits W of Shiveluch covering an area of 24,800 square kilometers. and drifted SE during 9-10 March. Analysis of satellite imagery revealed a daily thermal anomaly on the lava dome. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. These types of eruption bursts are not uncommon from Shiveluch and are connected with the growing extrusive dome inside the crater. and drifted SE, W, and SW. KVERT reported that explosive activity at Shiveluch continued during 11-18 May. The Level of Concern Color Code remained at Orange. The highest rising ash-and-gas clouds were produced from eruptions on 27 and 28 February, and 1 March; the clouds reached a height of ~2 km. Strong explosions during 18-21 January generated ash plumes that rose to altitudes of 6-7 km (19,700-23,000 ft) a.s.l. | September | June 2012: January Analysis of satellite imagery revealed a daily thermal anomaly on the lava dome and an ash plume that drifted 40 km NW on 30 December. On 10 December explosions generated ash plumes observed in satellite images that rose to altitudes of 10-11 km (32,800-36,000 ft) a.s.l. On 12 January strong explosions generated ash plumes that rose to altitudes of 7-8 km (23,000-26,200 ft) a.s.l. Dome extrusion, hot block avalanches, and strong explosions continue through August 2015. J. Volcanol. The KVERT reported that during 9-16 February seismicity was at background levels. KVERT reported that moderate seismic activity was detected at Shiveluch during 28 January-4 February and many volcanic earthquakes were detected. During the last two weeks of March, reports noted gas-and-ash emissions to ~ 3.5-4.5 km altitude; hot avalanches occurred each day (figure 15). Ash plumes rose to an altitude of 4.7 km (15,400 ft) a.s.l. The volcano was obscured by clouds 8-14 December, and no information was available for late December because of the suspension of communications from KVERT. | September Explosions on 26 December generated ash plumes that rose as high as 8 km (26,200 ft) a.s.l. The Shiveluch is the northernmost active volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula. A large thermal anomaly was detected in the crater on satellite imagery all days. Thermal anomalies were visible on AVHRR satellite imagery throughout the report period (table 2). News reported by The Boston Globe noted the eruptions had complicated air travel in the area of the Kamchatkan Peninsula. Significant hot avalanches that produced ash plumes to altitudes of 5 km (16,400 ft) a.s.l. Satellite images showed an intense daily thermal anomaly over the dome, and an ash plume that drifted 65 km SE on 2 April. KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch’s lava dome was identified daily in satellite images during 22 February-1 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. Observations of video footage indicated that gas-and-ash plumes rose to an altitude of 6 km (19,700 ft) a.s.l.